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How can I work with lead safely?
This material is a VERY TOXIC (POSSIBLE CANCER HAZARD, REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD, TERATOGEN, MUTAGEN) solid. There is a DANGER OF CUMULATIVE EFFECTS if inhaled or ingested. Before handling, it is extremely important that engineering controls are operating and that protective equipment requirements and personal hygiene measures are being followed. Only authorized personnel should have access to this material. They should be properly trained regarding its hazards and its safe use. Maintenance and emergency personnel should be advised of potential hazards.
If lead powder is released, immediately put on a suitable respirator and leave the area until the severity of the release is determined. In case of leaks or spills, escape-type respiratory protective equipment should be available in the work area. Unprotected persons should avoid all contact with this chemical including contaminated equipment. Immediately report leaks, spills or ventilation failures. Be aware of typical signs and symptoms of poisoning and first aid procedures. Any signs of illness should be reported immediately to supervisory personnel. Use in clearly posted, designated area(s). Control access to designated area. Access doors must remain closed while this material is present.
When handling lead powder on a large scale, closed handling systems for processes should be used. If this is not possible, use in the smallest possible amounts in appropriate labelled, containment devices (e.g. fume hood). Containment devices should be made of smooth, unbreakable, compatible material. Maintain containment devices at appropriate air flow and negative pressure. Check regularly.
Avoid generating dusts. Prevent the release of dust into workplace air. Use the proper tools too open containers. Ripping open a container can cause an uneven tear, thus making spills more likely. Cover work surfaces with compatible, chemical resistant and/or disposable material for easier containment and clean-up of spills. Good housekeeping is very important. Keeping work areas clean is essential. Use work surfaces that can be easily decontaminated.
Avoid generating vapours or mists. Prevent the release of vapours/mist into workplace air. To avoid splashing, carefully dispense into sturdy containers made of compatible materials.
Do not use with incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong bases. Never return contaminated material to its original container.
Prevent damage to containers. Label containers. Open containers carefully on a stable surface. Keep containers closed when not in use. Assume that empty containers contain residues which are hazardous.
Maintain good personal hygiene. When handling on a large scale, a double locker-shower set-up is usually necessary.
Follow handling precautions on Material Safety Data Sheet. Have suitable emergency equipment for fires, spills and leaks readily available. Maintain handling equipment. Comply with applicable regulations.
What can be done to control hazardous conditions?
Engineering methods to control hazardous conditions are preferred. Methods include mechanical (local exhaust) ventilation, process or personnel enclosure and control of process conditions. Because of the high potential hazard associated with this substance, stringent control measures such as enclosure or isolation may be necessary. Administrative controls and personal protective equipment may also be required.
Use a ventilation system separate from other exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust directly to the outside. Locate dust collectors outside or where permitted by regulation. Supply sufficient replacement air to make up for air removed by exhaust systems.